Effects of fluoride exposure on autophagy and AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in NG108-15 cells / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of fluoride exposure on autophagy and the expression levels of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) in mouse neuroblastoma and rat glioma fusion cells (NG108-15 cells).Methods:NG108-15 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group (0 mg/L), low fluoride group (20 mg/L), medium fluoride group (40 mg/L) and high fluoride group (80 mg/L) according to the final concentration of sodium fluoride, and the cells were collected after 24 h of treatment for standby. NG108-15 cells autophagy was detected by immunofluorescence/immunocytochemistry (IF/ICC method, the autophagy positive control group was treated with chloroquine phosphate); the mRNA expression levels of AMPK, mTOR and ULK1 in each group were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR); the protein expression levels of autophagy related protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), AMPK, mTOR, ULK1, phosphorylation (p)-AMPK, p-mTOR, p-ULK1 in each group were detected by Western blotting. Results:No autophagosome was detected in the control group, and autophagosomes were detected in all the fluoride groups. The protein expression level of LC3B in the low, medium and high fluoride groups (1.80 ± 0.59, 2.16 ± 0.60, 2.30 ± 0.57) was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.00 ± 0.29, P < 0.05). The results of qRT-PCR showed that compared with the control group, the mRNA expression levels of AMPK in medium and high fluoride groups were higher (2.30 ± 0.57, 4.41 ± 1.05 vs 1.00 ± 0.01, P < 0.05); the mRNA expression levels of mTOR in the low, medium and high fluoride groups were lower (0.79 ± 0.04, 0.76 ± 0.09, 0.64 ± 0.10 vs 1.00 ± 0.01, P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression levels of ULK1 were higher (1.81 ± 0.39, 1.96 ± 0.35, 4.22 ± 1.03 vs 1.00 ± 0.01, P < 0.05). The results of Western blotting showed that compared with the control group, the protein expression levels of AMPK (1.21 ± 0.05, 1.20 ± 0.04, 1.30 ± 0.07 vs 1.00 ± 0.03), p-AMPK (1.12 ± 0.05, 1.20 ± 0.06, 1.49 ± 0.07 vs 1.00 ± 0.02), ULK1 (1.16 ± 0.05, 1.26 ± 0.05, 1.15 ± 0.05 vs 1.00 ± 0.04) and p-ULK1 (1.19 ± 0.04, 1.17 ± 0.02, 1.24 ± 0.05 vs 1.00 ± 0.05) in the low, medium and high fluoride groups were higher ( P < 0.05), and the protein expression levels of mTOR were lower (0.77 ± 0.03, 0.60 ± 0.03, 0.55 ± 0.04 vs 1.00 ± 0.04, P < 0.05); the protein expression levels of p-mTOR in the medium and high fluoride groups were lower (0.93 ± 0.05, 0.48 ± 0.02 vs 1.00 ± 0.02, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Fluoride exposure can induce autophagy in NG108-15 cells, and the expression of AMPK and ULK1 are up-regulated, while the expression of mTOR is down-regulated.

Analysis of the results of an international proficiency testing program for veterinary drug residue determination in food / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo evaluate the proficiency and consistency of domestic and foreign testing institutions in the field of veterinary drug residue detection in food， and to promote international cooperation and mutual recognition of testing results among these institutions. MethodsA robust statistical analysis was conducted on the testing results of 20 laboratories in eight countries and regions across North America， Europe， and Asia. The laboratories’ testing capabilities were evaluated using Z-score comparison. ResultsAmong the 20 participating laboratories， 18 achieved satisfactory results， resulting in a satisfaction rate of 90%， while 2 laboratories （10%） failed to meet the requirements. The satisfaction rate of domestic laboratories （100%） was higher than that of foreign laboratories （81.8%）. ConclusionDomestic laboratories perform better than overseas laboratories in determining veterinary drug residues in food. To enhance testing capabilities， these overseas laboratories with unsatisfactory evaluation results should strengthen their daily quality control and ensure traceability of original records.

Association between air pollutants and digestive system cancers: a systematic review / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the relationship between air pollutants and digestive system cancers, and to provide a reference for future research and prevention and control of digestive system cancer. Methods All relevant literature published in English between 1970-2022 was searched through the databases of PubMed, web of science and Embase, and meta-analysis was used to explore the effects of specific air pollutants on digestive system cancers. Results PM2.5 was able to increase the risk of incidence or mortality of total digestive cancers by 11% (1.05 to 1.17). For specific cancers, PM2.5 was only associated with an increased risk of liver cancer in this study, with a combined RR (95% CI) of 1.31 (1.19 to 1.46), while there was no statistically significant association with other specific digestive cancers ( P>0.05）. NO2 increased the risk of incidence or mortality of total digestive cancers by 3% (1.00 to 1.07). Conclusion For specific digestive system cancers, PM2.5 has the most pronounced effect on liver cancer. More evidence is needed to support the relationship between NO2 and cancer. Currently, it has been observed that NO2 has a negative effect on overall digestive cancers. This study provides insights for the prevention and control of digestive system cancer in countries and regions with high PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations.

Targeting TRMT5 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression via inhibiting the HIF-1α pathways / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Accumulating evidence has confirmed the links between transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications and tumor progression. The present study is the first to explore the role of tRNA methyltransferase 5 (TRMT5), which catalyzes the m1G37 modification of mitochondrial tRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Here, based on bioinformatics and clinical analyses, we identified that TRMT5 expression was upregulated in HCC, which correlated with poor prognosis. Silencing TRMT5 attenuated HCC proliferation and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro, which may be partially explained by declined extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Mechanistically, we discovered that knockdown of TRMT5 inactivated the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway by preventing HIF-1α stability through the enhancement of cellular oxygen content. Moreover, our data indicated that inhibition of TRMT5 sensitized HCC to doxorubicin by adjusting HIF-‍1α. In conclusion, our study revealed that targeting TRMT5 could inhibit HCC progression and increase the susceptibility of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs. Thus, TRMT5 might be a carcinogenesis candidate gene that could serve as a potential target for HCC therapy.

Investigation on medical practice of overseas acupuncturists based on the top 5 general hospitals in the United States of America and the inspiration / 国际中医中药杂志

This study selected the top five general hospitals in the United States of America, collected the practice information of acupuncturists through the official website, and analyzed the professional department, expertise, professional title, education background, residency, fellowship, board certification, etc. of these acupuncturists to understand the practice situation of acupuncturists in the hospitals. The results of the study showed the practice of acupuncturists in the United States of America is improving. With further localization, locally trained acupuncturists have gradually become the main body of acupuncturists; acupuncture treatment is still mainly for analgesia, but the scope of treatment continues to expand, and departments that accept acupuncturists are gradually increasing. However, the group of licensed acupuncturists is still a minority in the group of acupuncturists in the United States of America. Native American physicians still use acupuncture as an alternative option and neglect to obtain a license. The entry barrier for acupuncturists still needs to be raised.

Uncertainty evaluation for determination of anesthetics residues and their metabolites in aquatic products by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the measurement uncertainty in the determination of five cacaine anesthetics and their metabolites residues by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）. MethodsThrough the establishment of mathematical model， the sources of uncertainty were analyzed， and various components were quantified and synthesized to evaluate the influence of the uncertainty components on the measurement results． ResultsThe uncertainties of the experiments were mainly derived from calibration curve fitting， sample pretreatment， recovery rate， standard solution preparation and measurement repeatability. Furthermore， the expanded uncertainty related to the content in shrimp （k=2） was 1.18 μg‧kg-1 at 8.68 μg‧kg-1 for tricaine methanesulfonate （MS-222）， 1.28 μg‧kg-1 at 9.11 μg‧kg-1 for benzocaine， 13.5 μg‧kg-1 at 91.4 μg‧kg-1 for 4-aminobenzoic acid， 12.2 μg‧kg-1 at 91.0 μg‧kg-1 for p-acetylamino benzoic acid， and 11.3 μg‧kg-1 at 95.3 μg‧kg-1 for 3-aminobenzoic acid， respectively. ConclusionThis method is suitable for the uncertainty analysis of cacaine anesthetics and their metabolites determination in aquatic products by LC-MS/MS， and can provide scientific and reliable basis for the measurement accuracy.

High-throughput screening of drug residues in aquatic products by liquid chromatography-electrostatic field track well high resolution mass spectrometry / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveIn order to ensure the food safety of cultured aquatic products in China， strengthen the supervision and improve detection efficiency， a high-throughput screening method for drug residues in aquatic products by mass spectrometry is to be developed. MethodsLiquid chromatography-electrostatic field track well high resolution mass spectrometry and C18 column were used to separate and collect the information of ion fragments and retention time of 195 veterinary drug standards in positive ion mode， and drug residues in aquatic products were extracted by organic solvents. ResultsThe mass spectrum database and detection methods of 195 veterinary drug standards were established， and a pre-treatment method was developed for extracting veterinary drug residues from aquatic products by acetonitrile and ethyl acetate. The detection method was sensitive， accurate， simple and rapid， and the adding standard recovery of more than 80% compounds reached 70%‒110%. ConclusionThe establishment of this method can quickly and massively screen drug residues in aquatic products， provide technical support for food safety risk monitoring and supervision， cope with the increasing demand for aquatic products and aquaculture volume year by year， and provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of mass spectrometry high-throughput detection methods.

Research on the operation analysis of imaging departments from the perspective of business-finance integration / 中华医院管理杂志

Department operation analysis is the basis of delicacy management of hospitals. This paper briefly presented the problems existing in conventional department operation analysis, and proposed solutions to overcome such problems, using department operation analysis based on the perspective of business-finance integration. Taking the image center of a large general hospital as an example, based on the concept of business-finance integration, the paper used process analysis and benchmarking comparison method to explore operation analysis and put forward suggestions for department operation improvement. The establishment of a department operation management system combined with business can improve the level of delicacy management and promote the long-term and stable development of the hospital.

The effect of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 on nutritional status and clinical outcomes of liver surgery patients / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective:To clarify whether nutritional risk screening 2002 could be used as a basis for nutritional support for liver surgery patients.Methods:Among the 243 hospitalized patients,61 patients had ≥ 3 NRS 2002 scores,and 41 of them were given nutrition support.The remaining 182 patients scored ＜ 3,and 73 of them were administrated with nutrition support.Results:The incidence of nutritional risk of hospitalized patients in liver surgery was 25 ％.Among the patients at nutritional risk group,67％ were given nutrition support.And the rates of infection related complication were nutritional supported patients significantly lower than that in the no nutrition support group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Accurate application of NRS 2002 and necessary nutrition support in liver surgery patients could improve nutritional status and clinical outcome.

Family physician integrated health care plan and payment system in Taiwan Province / 中国卫生政策研究

Under National Health Insurance system ( NHI) , Taiwan implemented “Family Physician Integrat-ed Health care Plan” by focusing on the key functions of primary medical institutions and family physicians. This plan had continuously strengthened the family physician system and the quality of integrated health care provision. Taiwan’s achievements and experiences were valuable for Mainland China. This paper first introduced the health sys-tem and health care provision system of primary medical institutions in Taiwan from the aspects of financing, pay-ment, health care delivery system structure, and market-capture institutions. Then, we made a comprehensive intro-duction on the policy objectives, organization structures, operation system, service schemes and health insurance pay-ment system of this plan. Finally we proposed the suggestion for integrated health care provision system in Mainland China. It is of vital importance that government should design the integrated service provision system by focusing on the key functions of family physicians. It is also of equal significance that the health administrative departments should cooperate with health insurance administrative departments to gain sufficient policy and funding resources for the plan’s successful implementation.

Prediction of H7N9 epidemic in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>In March 2013, human cases of infection with a novel A (H7N9) influenza virus emerged in China. The epidemic spread quickly and as of 6 May 2013, there were 129 confirmed cases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of the confirmed cases, determine the impacts of bird migration and temperature changes on the H7N9 epidemic, predict the future trends of the epidemic, explore the response patterns of the government and propose preventive suggestions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The geographic, temporal and population distribution of all cases reported up to 6 May 2013 were described from available records. Risk assessment standard was established by analysing the temperature and relative humidity records during the period of extensive outbreak in three epidemic regions in eastern China, including Shanghai, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. Risk assessment maps were created by combining the bird migration routes in eastern China with the monthly average temperatures from May 1993 to December 2012 nationwide.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the confirmed cases, there were more men than women, and 50.4% were elderly adults (age >61 years). The major demographic groups were retirees and farmers. The temperature on the days of disease onset was concentrated in the range of 9°C-19°C; we defined 9°C-19°C as the high-risk temperature range, 0°C-9°C or 19°C-25°C as medium risk and <0°C or >25°C as low risk. The relative humidity on the days of disease onset ranged widely from 25% to 99%, but did not correlate with the incidence of infection. Based on the temperature analysis and the eastern bird migration routes, we predicted that after May, the high-risk region would move to the northeast and inland, while after September, it would move back to north China.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Temperature and bird migration strongly influence the spread of the H7N9 virus. In order to control the H7N9 epidemic effectively, Chinese authorities should strengthen the surveillance of migrating birds, increase poultry and environmental sampling, improve live poultry selling and husbandry patterns and move from a "passive response pattern" to an "active response pattern" in focused preventive measures.</p>

Hemodynamic Study of Patients with Budd-Chiari Syndrome by Duplex Doppler Ultrasound / 中华超声影像学杂志

The hemodynamic features of the involved blood vessels in 11 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome were studied by duplex Doppler SODography.The results showed that there were abnomalities in the direction,velocity,nature and spectral patterns of the blood flows of the involved blood vessels,It is suggested that duplex Doppler ultrasound examination can nonmvasively obtain the hemodynarnic data of inferior vena cava,hepatic veins and portal vein and is very valuable in the clinical analysis,diagnosis,treatment and evaluation of the theurapeutic effect of Budd-Chiari syndrome.